Where to Set Up a Family Office: Jurisdictions Compared
We compare the places where families set up a family office, using official sources: regulators, governments and courts. Every fact in our guides links to its source and shows when we last checked it. More places are being added.
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The main facts
| Place | Minimum wealth | Licence | Personal income tax | Official fees | Residence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dubai (DIFC)Checked 18 October 2026 | USD 50 million in family net assets, confirmed every year | Family Office licence from the DIFC Registrar; no DFSA licence | None | USD 12,000 Family Office Licence under the 2023 rules (may be yearly), plus company fees | 10-year Golden Visa from AED 2 million in property or investments |
| Abu Dhabi (ADGM)Checked 18 October 2026 | USD 10 million in family net assets | Licence from the ADGM Registration Authority; no FSRA permission | None | USD 5,600 to set up a single family office, USD 5,300 a year | 10-year Golden Visa from AED 2 million in property or investments |
| Dubai (DMCC)Checked 19 October 2026 | USD 1 million in investible or liquid assets when applying | SFO licence for a DMCC Free Zone LLC from the DMCCA; non-regulated services only | None | Standard company: AED 9,020 registration, AED 20,285 a year licence; no SFO fee listed | 10-year Golden Visa from AED 2 million in property or investments |
| Saudi ArabiaChecked 19 October 2026 | No official figure found | No family office licence found; a Companies Law company, with a CMA group exclusion | No individual income tax scheme; employment income not taxed (reported by PwC, 2026) reported | No official figure found | Premium Residency: SAR 7 million and 10 jobs, or SAR 4 million property (reported) reported |
| SingaporeChecked 18 October 2026 | None for the exemption; SGD 20 million (13O) or SGD 50 million (13U) for tax incentives | No licence: class exemption, notify MAS within 14 days | Progressive, top rate 24% | SGD 315 to register a company; no official fee found for the MAS notice or 13O/13U applications | Permanent residence via the Global Investor Programme: SGD 200 million under management, SGD 50 million invested in Singapore |
| Hong KongChecked 19 October 2026 | None for the SFO; HK$240 million in specified assets for the 0% FIHV tax rate | Generally no SFC licence if run at cost; Type 9 excludes serving only wholly owned group firms | Salaries tax 2% to 17%, capped at 15% on the first HK$5 million and 16% above | Company HK$1,545 online, HK$2,350 business registration (1 year, 2026/27); no SFO licence fee | New CIES: HK$30 million net assets, HK$30 million invested (HK$3 million in CIES portfolio) |
| India (GIFT City)Checked 19 October 2026 | No family wealth test; fund corpus of USD 10 million within 3 years (IFSCA FAQs) | Family's own FME registered with IFSCA as an Authorised FME (2025 rules) | 30% top rate above INR 2.4 million (new regime); surcharge up to 25% and 4% cess | USD 2,500 application and USD 15,000 registration, then USD 3,000 a year (2026) | No official figure found |
| SwitzerlandChecked 19 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the FinIA exemption; it turns only on family or business ties | No licence: FinIA excludes managing solely assets of people with family or business ties | Federal top rate 11.5% (2026) plus cantonal and communal tax; lump-sum option, not Zurich | CHF 420 to register an AG or GmbH, CHF 210 a foundation; no family office licence fee | No investor visa found; cantonal tax route (Zurich: about CHF 1 million tax a year) |
| United KingdomChecked 19 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the FCA group exclusion or company rules; no family office regime | No licence; FCA authorisation only for regulated activities without an exclusion | 45% top rate; dividends up to 39.35%; 4-year foreign income relief after 10 years abroad | GBP 100 online incorporation; GBP 50 confirmation statement every 12 months | No investor visa since February 2022; Innovator Founder has no minimum investment |
| LuxembourgChecked 19 October 2026 | No minimum family wealth in the 2012 law or the CSSF conditions | No Family Office authorisation for an office serving one family (Article 1, 2012 law) | 42% above EUR 234,870 (scale since 2025) plus up to 9% surcharge: 45.78% top rate | No official figure found | Investor permit EUR 500,000, 3m or 20m; repeal voted 14 Oct 2026, not yet published |
| MauritiusChecked 19 October 2026 | USD 5 million net assets under management or administration, at all times | Family Office (Single) licence from the FSC under the 2026 Rules | 0% to 35%; 35% above MUR 12 million from the income year ending June 2027 (EY) | Single family office: USD 2,500 processing and USD 4,000 a year (FSC, July 2026) | USD 375,000 property in EDB schemes; golden visa USD 1 million; Investor OP USD 100,000 |
| United StatesChecked 19 October 2026 | No minimum set by law | No licence; excluded from SEC adviser registration by the family office rule | Federal top rate 37% (2026) plus 3.8% NIIT; state taxes separate | Delaware: USD 110 LLC, from USD 109 corporation, USD 500 statutory trust; no SEC fee | EB-5 from USD 800,000 (TEA) or USD 1,050,000; Gold Card: USD 1 million gift, USD 15,000 fee |
| MonacoChecked 19 October 2026 | No minimum family wealth in Law 1.439, which excludes one family's own office | No SFO licence found; outside MFO Law 1.439; financial activities Law 1.338 not ruled out | No personal income tax for residents, except French nationals (1963 convention) | RCI EUR 100 (SA or SCA) or EUR 75 (civil company); residence permit EUR 80 to 160 | Residence permit with Monaco housing and a Monaco bank reference; no official amount |
| LiechtensteinChecked 19 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the rules checked; no family office regime | No family office regime; FMA licence for commercial services to others; group exempt | 1% to 8% national tax plus 150% to 250% municipal surcharge; 4% notional return on wealth | CHF 700 to register an AG, GmbH or foundation; CHF 300 to deposit a foundation notice | No investor visa; non-EEA non-workers must be of special interest; EEA permits by lot |
| MaltaChecked 19 October 2026 | EUR 5 million in the NPIF; investors' aggregate net assets over EUR 50 million | No licence: family office NPIF notified to the MFSA, exempt manager or self-managed | 0% to 35%; 35% above EUR 60,000 (2026); non-domiciled taxed on remittance (PwC) | Notified PIF application fee EUR 2,000 (2025), EUR 2,750 by 2027 (reported) reported | MPRP: EUR 37,000 + EUR 60,000 fee, EUR 375,000 home or EUR 14,000 rent, EUR 500,000 assets |
| Qatar (QFC)Checked 19 October 2026 | USD 5 million in investable assets, per law firms (official text not opened) reported | Registered with the QFC Company Registration Office and licensed by the QFC | None on salaries; the QFC states 0% personal tax | SFO application USD 5,000; annual USD 5,000 for a one-activity licensed firm (QFC) | QAR 730,000 property: 5-year permit; QAR 3.65 million: permanent residency benefits; 90 days/yr |
| BahrainChecked 19 October 2026 | No amount for the office; Glossary: family clients must be accredited investors (USD 1m) | No CBB licence if only family clients, wholly family-owned and controlled, not public | No personal income tax | CBB licence: BHD 100 to apply, BHD 2,000 to 6,000 a year; no CBB fee for one family | Golden Residency: property from BHD 130,000 (NPRA 2025; portal: 200,000); family can join |
| CyprusChecked 19 October 2026 | No minimum in law (reported); internally managed AIFLNP fund: EUR 50,000 capital reported | No family office licence; a company, generally no CySEC licence for one family (reported) reported | 0% to 35%, 35% above EUR 72,000 (2026); non-doms exempt from Defence Contribution | EUR 10 name approval and EUR 165 to incorporate a company; no family office fee | Permanent residence (Reg. 6(2)): EUR 300,000 investment plus EUR 50,000 yearly income |
| JerseyChecked 19 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in JFSC rules; registration turns on activities, not assets | No family office licence; JFSC AML registration only if it is a Schedule 2 business | 20% maximum; no capital gains tax; HVR: 20% up to GBP 1.25 million, then 1% | Company from GBP 205; general Schedule 2 AML registration GBP 555 plus GBP 1,175 a year | HVR: GBP 250,000 minimum tax a year, over GBP 10 million wealth; UK immigration clearance |
| GreeceChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum; tax regime needs EUR 500,000 yearly costs in Greece and 5 staff | Tax regime with no licence in article 71H; no source on Capital Market Commission rules | 9% to 44% (above EUR 60,000) in 2026; non-dom EUR 100,000 a year on foreign income | No official figure found | 5-year golden visa: one property, EUR 800,000 or 400,000 by area (250,000 special cases) |
| GuernseyChecked 19 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the PTC limited permission or Family PIF criteria | No family office licence; PTCs need GFSC licence or limited permission; SFO rule not stated | 20% flat; 2026 caps GBP 160,000 or 320,000; GBP 60,000 for 4 years after GBP 50,000 duty | PTC limited permission GBP 1,475; PIF GBP 1,500 plus GBP 1,000 a year (2026) | No investor visa found; anyone may live in Open Market housing if immigration allows |
| ItalyChecked 19 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the rules checked; no family office regime | No family office licence found; TUF reserves investment services to the public (reported) reported | IRPEF 23% to 43% (2026); 2026 arrivals can opt for EUR 300,000 a year on foreign income reported | No official figure found | Investor Visa from EUR 250,000 (start-up) to EUR 2 million (bonds); elective residence |
| Malaysia (Forest City)Checked 19 October 2026 | RM30 million (about USD 7.3 million) SFOV AUM at each year end; RM50 million in years 11-20 | Family-owned SFOV and SFO MC; SC conditional approval, then yearly tax certification | 0% to 30% (30% above RM2 million); 2% on dividends above RM100,000 from 2025 | No official figure found | FT-RPT: 3+ passes, 10 plus 10 years; MM2H SEZ/SFZ: USD 65,000 (32,000 at 50+) plus a home |
| GermanyChecked 19 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in BaFin's family office guidance or the WpIG group exemption | BaFin: can be licence-free for closest family, off-market; WpIG exempts group-only firms | 45% from EUR 277,826 (2026) plus 5.5% surcharge; 25% flat tax on capital income | Register: GmbH EUR 225, AG EUR 450, partnership EUR 150 (up to 3 partners); notary extra | No investor visa found; self-employment permit (section 21 Residence Act), up to 3 years |
| PortugalChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the Securities Code rules checked; no family office regime | No family office regime; managing portfolios for others professionally needs authorisation | 48% above EUR 86,634 plus 2.5% to 5% surcharge (2026); 28% capital income; IFICI 20% | No official figure found | Golden Visa open: EUR 500,000 in funds or a company with 5 jobs; 7 days in year one |
| SpainChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum found; Spain has no family office regime | No family office licence found; CNMV: investment services only via authorised firms | Top 45% Madrid, 50% Catalonia (state plus region); savings 19% to 30%; 24% inbound regime reported | No official figure found | Golden visa closed 3 April 2025; non-lucrative permit: 400% of IPREM, EUR 2,400 a month reported |
| FranceChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum found; no French text regulates family offices reported | No family office law (notaries); portfolio management for third parties needs approval reported | 45% top rate plus 3% to 4% levy, 20% minimum tax; 31.4% flat tax on investment income | No official figure found | Talent investor permit: EUR 300,000 in fixed assets plus jobs, up to 4 years; visitor visa |
| South AfricaChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the FAIS Act rules read; none for a family office (ENSafrica) reported | No family office licence category (ENSafrica); FAIS licence for advice or client assets reported | 18% to 45%; 45% above ZAR 1,817,000 (ZAR 1,878,600 proposed for 2026/27); gains up to 18% | No official figure found | Business visa: ZAR 5 million cash from abroad; permanent residence: ZAR 12 million net worth |
| CanadaChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in NI 31-103, its Companion Policy or the Alberta Paragon order | No family office exemption in NI 31-103; Alberta exempted one SFO from registration (2024) | Federal 14% to 33% (2026) plus provincial: top about 53.5% Ontario and BC (our calc.) | No official figure found | Québec investor: CAD 2m net worth, CAD 1m for 5 years, CAD 200k contribution, French |
| AustraliaChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the Corporations Act licensing rules (s911A) or ASIC's guide | No family office regime; AFS licence unless exempt, e.g. services only to group companies reported | Top 45% plus 2% Medicare levy in 2026-27; most foreign income of temporary residents untaxed | No official figure found | Investor visas closed July 2024; invitation-only National Innovation visa (permanent) |
| IrelandChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the MiFID Regulations 2017 or Central Bank authorisation guidance | No family office licence; MiFID authorisation unless group or trustee exemption applies | Top 40% income tax, 8% USC, 4.35% PRSI; CGT 33% (31% in a Bill); non-dom remittance basis | No official figure found | Investor programme closed in 2023; Stamp 0 asks for EUR 50,000 individual income a year |
| TurkeyChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the rules checked; no family office regime | No family office licence or exemption found; SPK authorises portfolio managers | 15% to 40% (2026); foreign income exempt 20 years for residents after 3 years away reported | No official figure found | Citizenship from USD 400,000 property kept 3 years; residence permit for USD 200,000 home |
| JapanChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the FSA guidebook; its JPY 50m minimum capital is for registered firms | No family office rule found; FSA registration for discretionary management or advice | Top 55.945% with 2.1% surtax and standard 10% local tax; 20.315% on listed share income | No official figure found | No investor visa found; Business Manager: JPY 30m capital, one full-time employee (Oct 2025) |
| Cayman IslandsChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in SIBA or the PTC rules; licensing turns on activities, not assets | No family office licence; SIBA's SFO exemption repealed in 2020; PTCs register with CIMA | No income, capital gains or wealth tax; import duty generally 22% to 27% (PwC); no VAT | Exempted company from CI$700, annual from CI$925 (CI$1,025 from 2027); no FO fee | 25 years: CI$1m invested, CI$500,000 in real estate, plus income or deposit; PR: CI$2m |
| BahamasChecked 20 October 2026 | No family wealth minimum; PTC capital $5,000, Registered Representative $50,000 | No family office licence found; SFO status under the 2024 Securities Act not stated | No personal income or capital gains tax; 10% VAT, property tax, National Insurance | QEE $5,250, then $3,750 a year; Registered Representative $2,500 a year | Economic PR: $1.0 million in property or Central Bank bonds for 10 years |
| British Virgin IslandsChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in SIBA or the private trust company exemption | No family office licence; SIBA licence only for investment business 'by way of business' reported | Zero-rated income tax, no CGT (reported); payroll tax 8% employee plus 2% or 6% employer reported | Company USD 550 a year (up to 50,000 shares); PTC USD 1,500; SIBA licence USD 1,800 a year | No investor programme (under discussion, no decision); residence certificate after 20 years reported |
| BermudaChecked 20 October 2026 | No wealth minimum in the investment business or PTC exemption rules | No family office law; BMA licence or registration if it carries on investment business | No income or capital gains tax (law firms); payroll tax, employee up to 12.5% (2026) reported | Exempted company regulatory fee BMD 500 a year (2024); EIRC application BMD 2,755 | EIRC: BMD 2.5 million investment, 90 days a year for 5 years; spouse and children |
By topic: Inheritance Tax by Country · Family Office Minimum Net Worth by Country · Residency by Investment by Country · Countries With No Personal Income Tax · Private trust companies
Richest families: India · the UAE · Saudi Arabia · Famous family offices
Guides
Family Office in Dubai (DIFC): Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with at least USD 50 million in aggregate net assets who want a family office licensed by the DIFC Registrar rather than the financial regulator, with DIFC laws, English-language courts and DIFC trusts or foundations.
Family Office in Abu Dhabi (ADGM): Rules, Tax, Costs 2026
Families with at least USD 10 million in net assets who want a single family office under English common law in Abu Dhabi, with low ADGM licence fees.
Family Office in Dubai (DMCC): Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with at least USD 1 million in investible or liquid assets who want a single family office company for non-regulated, non-financial services in a Dubai free zone.
Family Office in Saudi Arabia: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Saudi and GCC families with businesses and assets in the Kingdom who want a company-based family office with a family charter written into its articles, and zakat rather than income tax on their shares.
Family Office in Singapore: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with at least SGD 20 million in investments who want a Singapore-managed fund with income tax exemption and an Asian base, with an optional permanent residence route for SGD 200 million or more.
Family Office in Hong Kong: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with at least HK$240 million in investment assets who want an Asian common-law base, a single family office that generally needs no SFC licence, 0% profits tax on qualifying investment income and no estate duty.
Family Office in India (GIFT City): Rules, Tax, Costs 2026
Families who want a fund pooling one family's money in an IFSCA-regulated centre inside India, run by their own registered entity, with IFSC tax incentives.
Family Office in Switzerland: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want a single family office in an established wealth centre (about 300 single family offices, according to a University of St. Gallen study) without a family office licence, and who accept federal plus cantonal taxes and cantonal decisions on residence.
Family Office in the UK: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families moving to the UK after at least 10 consecutive tax years abroad, who can claim 4 years of relief on foreign income and gains, and families whose office works only within their own group of companies, which the FCA says needs no authorisation.
Family Office in Luxembourg: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want an EU base with a dedicated private wealth company (the SPF) and regulated fund vehicles, where an office serving only one family needs no Family Office authorisation under the 2012 law.
Family Office in Mauritius: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with at least USD 5 million in net assets under management who want an FSC-licensed family office in a 15% company tax jurisdiction with an 80% partial exemption on qualifying foreign income.
Family Office in the US: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with members or assets in the United States who want a single family office with no SEC registration and no wealth threshold, built from state-law companies, trusts and family trust companies.
Family Office in Monaco: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want to live in Monaco, where residents other than French nationals pay no personal income tax and inheritance duty is 0% between parents and children and between spouses, and who will run an office for their own family outside the multi family office law.
Family Office in Liechtenstein: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want to hold wealth through a Liechtenstein foundation, establishment or trust in an EEA state with no inheritance or gift tax and a 12.5% corporate tax (or only the CHF 1,800 minimum tax for a private asset structure), and who do not need residence for the family, which Chambers says is granted very selectively.
Family Office in Malta: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families whose investors hold over EUR 50 million in aggregate net assets and can put at least EUR 5 million into a family office fund that is notified to the MFSA rather than licensed, with an exempt or self-managed manager, in an EU member state.
Family Office in Qatar (QFC): Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with at least USD 5 million in investable assets (the threshold reported by Baker McKenzie and Charles Russell Speechlys) who want a single family office in Qatar under the QFC's common-law-based framework, with no minimum capital and no personal income tax.
Family Office in Bahrain: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want a single family office company without a financial services licence in a country with no personal income tax and, in 2026, no corporate income tax outside oil and gas (a 10% tax on larger local companies is proposed for 2027), or a CBB-licensed office serving several families that are accredited investors.
Family Office in Cyprus: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want an EU base with 15% corporate tax, a non-dom regime that exempts non-domiciled residents from the Special Defence Contribution, no inheritance or gift tax, and a permanent residence route from a EUR 300,000 investment, and who do not need a dedicated family office licence.
Family Office in Jersey: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want to hold assets through Jersey trusts, foundations or a private trust company administered by a JFSC-regulated trust company business, with a 0% standard company tax rate and no inheritance tax.
Family Office in Greece: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families that become Greek tax residents and can run an office with at least five staff and EUR 500,000 of yearly operating costs in Greece, with the office's revenue for tax set at those costs plus a 7% margin, and that may also use the EUR 100,000 a year lump-sum tax on foreign income for new residents.
Family Office in Guernsey: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want to hold assets through a private trust company, a private trust foundation or a Family PIF administered by a GFSC-licensed firm, with a 0% standard company tax rate, capped personal income tax and no inheritance tax.
Family Office in Italy: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Wealthy individuals moving to Italy who want a fixed annual tax on foreign income (EUR 300,000 a year for those arriving from 2026, for up to 15 years) and families planning to pass a business to descendants under the 4% inheritance tax above EUR 1 million per heir and the exemption for transfers of businesses and controlling stakes.
Family Office in Malaysia (Forest City): Rules and Tax 2026
Malaysian or foreign families with at least RM30 million to place in their own investment company who can run an office with at least two full-time officers in Forest City, Johor, in return for a 0% tax rate on that company's income for up to 20 years.
Family Office in Germany: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who own companies in Germany and want an office that, under BaFin's guidance, can work without a licence if it serves only the closest family circle, or that serves only the family's group companies, and who accept German inheritance tax, trade tax and an exit tax on shareholdings when moving abroad.
Family Office in Portugal: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want an EU residence permit through a EUR 500,000 investment in Portuguese non-real estate funds or in a company with five permanent jobs, with only 7 days in Portugal in the first year, and who accept full Portuguese income tax if they become resident.
Family Office in Spain: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want to live in Spain, especially in Madrid or Andalusia, where gift tax (and, according to secondary sources, inheritance tax) for spouses, descendants and ascendants is cut by 99% and Deloitte (2023) says wealth tax is not levied, and who accept that there is no family office regime, no investor visa since April 2025 and a national solidarity tax on net wealth above EUR 3 million.
Family Office in France: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who live in France or own French companies and want to pass them on under the Dutreil regime (75% of the value of the shares exempt from gift and inheritance tax, with holding commitments), and who accept French income, wealth and inheritance taxes and frequent budget changes to the taxation of holding companies.
Family Office in South Africa: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with businesses or assets in South Africa who want an office in Johannesburg or Cape Town without a family office licence or wealth minimum (according to ENSafrica), and who accept estate duty on what children inherit, exchange control on moving money offshore and an FSCA licence for any regulated advice or management of client assets.
Family Office in Canada: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who live in Canada, or who can move to Québec under its investor program, and want to hold family wealth in a Canadian private corporation, and who accept full federal and provincial income tax, tax on unrealised gains at death and on leaving Canada, and a case-by-case securities registration analysis for the office.
Family Office in Australia: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want Anglo-Australian common law and no inheritance or estate tax, whose office serves only the family's own group companies (related bodies corporate, exempt from the AFS licence requirement), and who accept a 45% top income tax rate plus the 2% Medicare levy and no open investor visa.
Family Office in Ireland: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families whose office serves only the family's own group of companies, to which the MiFID Regulations 2017 do not apply, and families moving to Ireland who are not Irish-domiciled and can be taxed on foreign investment income only when it is remitted, who accept 33% gift and inheritance tax above the group thresholds.
Family Office in Turkey: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families moving to Turkey from abroad who can use the 20-year income tax exemption on foreign income for people resident from 2026, or who want citizenship through investment, and who accept income tax of up to 40% on Turkish income, inheritance tax from 1% and no dedicated family office regime.
Family Office in Japan: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families with a business or long-term residence in Japan who want a holding company or family office there, and who accept inheritance tax of up to 55%, a top income tax rate of about 56% and the fact that no family office exemption from FSA registration was found.
Family Office in the Cayman Islands: Rules, Tax, Costs 2026
Families who want to hold assets through Cayman trusts, including special (STAR) trusts, foundation companies or a private trust company registered with CIMA, and who may want long-term residence through the certificates for persons of independent means.
Family Office in the Bahamas: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want to hold wealth through Bahamian trusts, foundations or a private trust company, with no personal income, capital gains, inheritance or corporate income tax and an investor route to permanent residence.
Family Office in the British Virgin Islands (2026)
Families that want to hold BVI company shares in trust through a VISTA trust or a private trust company, in a place where, as Deloitte and Carey Olsen report, there is no income, capital gains, inheritance, estate or gift tax.
Family Office in Bermuda: Rules, Costs and Tax in 2026
Families who want to hold assets through Bermuda trusts (including purpose trusts) and a licence-exempt private trust company, with no personal income tax or capital gains tax, and who may want residence through a BMD 2.5 million investment.
Comparisons
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Abu Dhabi (ADGM)
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Dubai (DMCC)
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Saudi Arabia
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Singapore
- Dubai (DIFC) vs India (GIFT City)
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Switzerland
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Mauritius
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Dubai (DMCC)
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Singapore
- Singapore vs Hong Kong
- Singapore vs India (GIFT City)
- Singapore vs Switzerland
- Switzerland vs United Kingdom
- Switzerland vs Luxembourg
Every other pair, side by side (652 tables, data only)
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Hong Kong
- Dubai (DIFC) vs United Kingdom
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Luxembourg
- Dubai (DIFC) vs United States
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Monaco
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Liechtenstein
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Malta
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Qatar (QFC)
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Bahrain
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Cyprus
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Jersey
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Greece
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Guernsey
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Italy
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Germany
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Portugal
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Spain
- Dubai (DIFC) vs France
- Dubai (DIFC) vs South Africa
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Canada
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Australia
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Ireland
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Turkey
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Japan
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Cayman Islands
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Bahamas
- Dubai (DIFC) vs British Virgin Islands
- Dubai (DIFC) vs Bermuda
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Saudi Arabia
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Hong Kong
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs India (GIFT City)
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Switzerland
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs United Kingdom
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Luxembourg
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Mauritius
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs United States
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Monaco
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Liechtenstein
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Malta
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Qatar (QFC)
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Bahrain
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Cyprus
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Jersey
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Greece
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Guernsey
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Italy
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Germany
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Portugal
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Spain
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs France
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs South Africa
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Canada
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Australia
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Ireland
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Turkey
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Japan
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Cayman Islands
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Bahamas
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs British Virgin Islands
- Abu Dhabi (ADGM) vs Bermuda
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Saudi Arabia
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Singapore
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Hong Kong
- Dubai (DMCC) vs India (GIFT City)
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Switzerland
- Dubai (DMCC) vs United Kingdom
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Luxembourg
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Mauritius
- Dubai (DMCC) vs United States
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Monaco
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Liechtenstein
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Malta
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Qatar (QFC)
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Bahrain
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Cyprus
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Jersey
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Greece
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Guernsey
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Italy
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Germany
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Portugal
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Spain
- Dubai (DMCC) vs France
- Dubai (DMCC) vs South Africa
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Canada
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Australia
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Ireland
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Turkey
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Japan
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Cayman Islands
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Bahamas
- Dubai (DMCC) vs British Virgin Islands
- Dubai (DMCC) vs Bermuda
- Saudi Arabia vs Singapore
- Saudi Arabia vs Hong Kong
- Saudi Arabia vs India (GIFT City)
- Saudi Arabia vs Switzerland
- Saudi Arabia vs United Kingdom
- Saudi Arabia vs Luxembourg
- Saudi Arabia vs Mauritius
- Saudi Arabia vs United States
- Saudi Arabia vs Monaco
- Saudi Arabia vs Liechtenstein
- Saudi Arabia vs Malta
- Saudi Arabia vs Qatar (QFC)
- Saudi Arabia vs Bahrain
- Saudi Arabia vs Cyprus
- Saudi Arabia vs Jersey
- Saudi Arabia vs Greece
- Saudi Arabia vs Guernsey
- Saudi Arabia vs Italy
- Saudi Arabia vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Saudi Arabia vs Germany
- Saudi Arabia vs Portugal
- Saudi Arabia vs Spain
- Saudi Arabia vs France
- Saudi Arabia vs South Africa
- Saudi Arabia vs Canada
- Saudi Arabia vs Australia
- Saudi Arabia vs Ireland
- Saudi Arabia vs Turkey
- Saudi Arabia vs Japan
- Saudi Arabia vs Cayman Islands
- Saudi Arabia vs Bahamas
- Saudi Arabia vs British Virgin Islands
- Saudi Arabia vs Bermuda
- Singapore vs United Kingdom
- Singapore vs Luxembourg
- Singapore vs Mauritius
- Singapore vs United States
- Singapore vs Monaco
- Singapore vs Liechtenstein
- Singapore vs Malta
- Singapore vs Qatar (QFC)
- Singapore vs Bahrain
- Singapore vs Cyprus
- Singapore vs Jersey
- Singapore vs Greece
- Singapore vs Guernsey
- Singapore vs Italy
- Singapore vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Singapore vs Germany
- Singapore vs Portugal
- Singapore vs Spain
- Singapore vs France
- Singapore vs South Africa
- Singapore vs Canada
- Singapore vs Australia
- Singapore vs Ireland
- Singapore vs Turkey
- Singapore vs Japan
- Singapore vs Cayman Islands
- Singapore vs Bahamas
- Singapore vs British Virgin Islands
- Singapore vs Bermuda
- Hong Kong vs India (GIFT City)
- Hong Kong vs Switzerland
- Hong Kong vs United Kingdom
- Hong Kong vs Luxembourg
- Hong Kong vs Mauritius
- Hong Kong vs United States
- Hong Kong vs Monaco
- Hong Kong vs Liechtenstein
- Hong Kong vs Malta
- Hong Kong vs Qatar (QFC)
- Hong Kong vs Bahrain
- Hong Kong vs Cyprus
- Hong Kong vs Jersey
- Hong Kong vs Greece
- Hong Kong vs Guernsey
- Hong Kong vs Italy
- Hong Kong vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Hong Kong vs Germany
- Hong Kong vs Portugal
- Hong Kong vs Spain
- Hong Kong vs France
- Hong Kong vs South Africa
- Hong Kong vs Canada
- Hong Kong vs Australia
- Hong Kong vs Ireland
- Hong Kong vs Turkey
- Hong Kong vs Japan
- Hong Kong vs Cayman Islands
- Hong Kong vs Bahamas
- Hong Kong vs British Virgin Islands
- Hong Kong vs Bermuda
- India (GIFT City) vs Switzerland
- India (GIFT City) vs United Kingdom
- India (GIFT City) vs Luxembourg
- India (GIFT City) vs Mauritius
- India (GIFT City) vs United States
- India (GIFT City) vs Monaco
- India (GIFT City) vs Liechtenstein
- India (GIFT City) vs Malta
- India (GIFT City) vs Qatar (QFC)
- India (GIFT City) vs Bahrain
- India (GIFT City) vs Cyprus
- India (GIFT City) vs Jersey
- India (GIFT City) vs Greece
- India (GIFT City) vs Guernsey
- India (GIFT City) vs Italy
- India (GIFT City) vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- India (GIFT City) vs Germany
- India (GIFT City) vs Portugal
- India (GIFT City) vs Spain
- India (GIFT City) vs France
- India (GIFT City) vs South Africa
- India (GIFT City) vs Canada
- India (GIFT City) vs Australia
- India (GIFT City) vs Ireland
- India (GIFT City) vs Turkey
- India (GIFT City) vs Japan
- India (GIFT City) vs Cayman Islands
- India (GIFT City) vs Bahamas
- India (GIFT City) vs British Virgin Islands
- India (GIFT City) vs Bermuda
- Switzerland vs Mauritius
- Switzerland vs United States
- Switzerland vs Monaco
- Switzerland vs Liechtenstein
- Switzerland vs Malta
- Switzerland vs Qatar (QFC)
- Switzerland vs Bahrain
- Switzerland vs Cyprus
- Switzerland vs Jersey
- Switzerland vs Greece
- Switzerland vs Guernsey
- Switzerland vs Italy
- Switzerland vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Switzerland vs Germany
- Switzerland vs Portugal
- Switzerland vs Spain
- Switzerland vs France
- Switzerland vs South Africa
- Switzerland vs Canada
- Switzerland vs Australia
- Switzerland vs Ireland
- Switzerland vs Turkey
- Switzerland vs Japan
- Switzerland vs Cayman Islands
- Switzerland vs Bahamas
- Switzerland vs British Virgin Islands
- Switzerland vs Bermuda
- United Kingdom vs Luxembourg
- United Kingdom vs Mauritius
- United Kingdom vs United States
- United Kingdom vs Monaco
- United Kingdom vs Liechtenstein
- United Kingdom vs Malta
- United Kingdom vs Qatar (QFC)
- United Kingdom vs Bahrain
- United Kingdom vs Cyprus
- United Kingdom vs Jersey
- United Kingdom vs Greece
- United Kingdom vs Guernsey
- United Kingdom vs Italy
- United Kingdom vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- United Kingdom vs Germany
- United Kingdom vs Portugal
- United Kingdom vs Spain
- United Kingdom vs France
- United Kingdom vs South Africa
- United Kingdom vs Canada
- United Kingdom vs Australia
- United Kingdom vs Ireland
- United Kingdom vs Turkey
- United Kingdom vs Japan
- United Kingdom vs Cayman Islands
- United Kingdom vs Bahamas
- United Kingdom vs British Virgin Islands
- United Kingdom vs Bermuda
- Luxembourg vs Mauritius
- Luxembourg vs United States
- Luxembourg vs Monaco
- Luxembourg vs Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg vs Malta
- Luxembourg vs Qatar (QFC)
- Luxembourg vs Bahrain
- Luxembourg vs Cyprus
- Luxembourg vs Jersey
- Luxembourg vs Greece
- Luxembourg vs Guernsey
- Luxembourg vs Italy
- Luxembourg vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Luxembourg vs Germany
- Luxembourg vs Portugal
- Luxembourg vs Spain
- Luxembourg vs France
- Luxembourg vs South Africa
- Luxembourg vs Canada
- Luxembourg vs Australia
- Luxembourg vs Ireland
- Luxembourg vs Turkey
- Luxembourg vs Japan
- Luxembourg vs Cayman Islands
- Luxembourg vs Bahamas
- Luxembourg vs British Virgin Islands
- Luxembourg vs Bermuda
- Mauritius vs United States
- Mauritius vs Monaco
- Mauritius vs Liechtenstein
- Mauritius vs Malta
- Mauritius vs Qatar (QFC)
- Mauritius vs Bahrain
- Mauritius vs Cyprus
- Mauritius vs Jersey
- Mauritius vs Greece
- Mauritius vs Guernsey
- Mauritius vs Italy
- Mauritius vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Mauritius vs Germany
- Mauritius vs Portugal
- Mauritius vs Spain
- Mauritius vs France
- Mauritius vs South Africa
- Mauritius vs Canada
- Mauritius vs Australia
- Mauritius vs Ireland
- Mauritius vs Turkey
- Mauritius vs Japan
- Mauritius vs Cayman Islands
- Mauritius vs Bahamas
- Mauritius vs British Virgin Islands
- Mauritius vs Bermuda
- United States vs Monaco
- United States vs Liechtenstein
- United States vs Malta
- United States vs Qatar (QFC)
- United States vs Bahrain
- United States vs Cyprus
- United States vs Jersey
- United States vs Greece
- United States vs Guernsey
- United States vs Italy
- United States vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- United States vs Germany
- United States vs Portugal
- United States vs Spain
- United States vs France
- United States vs South Africa
- United States vs Canada
- United States vs Australia
- United States vs Ireland
- United States vs Turkey
- United States vs Japan
- United States vs Cayman Islands
- United States vs Bahamas
- United States vs British Virgin Islands
- United States vs Bermuda
- Monaco vs Liechtenstein
- Monaco vs Malta
- Monaco vs Qatar (QFC)
- Monaco vs Bahrain
- Monaco vs Cyprus
- Monaco vs Jersey
- Monaco vs Greece
- Monaco vs Guernsey
- Monaco vs Italy
- Monaco vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Monaco vs Germany
- Monaco vs Portugal
- Monaco vs Spain
- Monaco vs France
- Monaco vs South Africa
- Monaco vs Canada
- Monaco vs Australia
- Monaco vs Ireland
- Monaco vs Turkey
- Monaco vs Japan
- Monaco vs Cayman Islands
- Monaco vs Bahamas
- Monaco vs British Virgin Islands
- Monaco vs Bermuda
- Liechtenstein vs Malta
- Liechtenstein vs Qatar (QFC)
- Liechtenstein vs Bahrain
- Liechtenstein vs Cyprus
- Liechtenstein vs Jersey
- Liechtenstein vs Greece
- Liechtenstein vs Guernsey
- Liechtenstein vs Italy
- Liechtenstein vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Liechtenstein vs Germany
- Liechtenstein vs Portugal
- Liechtenstein vs Spain
- Liechtenstein vs France
- Liechtenstein vs South Africa
- Liechtenstein vs Canada
- Liechtenstein vs Australia
- Liechtenstein vs Ireland
- Liechtenstein vs Turkey
- Liechtenstein vs Japan
- Liechtenstein vs Cayman Islands
- Liechtenstein vs Bahamas
- Liechtenstein vs British Virgin Islands
- Liechtenstein vs Bermuda
- Malta vs Qatar (QFC)
- Malta vs Bahrain
- Malta vs Cyprus
- Malta vs Jersey
- Malta vs Greece
- Malta vs Guernsey
- Malta vs Italy
- Malta vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Malta vs Germany
- Malta vs Portugal
- Malta vs Spain
- Malta vs France
- Malta vs South Africa
- Malta vs Canada
- Malta vs Australia
- Malta vs Ireland
- Malta vs Turkey
- Malta vs Japan
- Malta vs Cayman Islands
- Malta vs Bahamas
- Malta vs British Virgin Islands
- Malta vs Bermuda
- Qatar (QFC) vs Bahrain
- Qatar (QFC) vs Cyprus
- Qatar (QFC) vs Jersey
- Qatar (QFC) vs Greece
- Qatar (QFC) vs Guernsey
- Qatar (QFC) vs Italy
- Qatar (QFC) vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Qatar (QFC) vs Germany
- Qatar (QFC) vs Portugal
- Qatar (QFC) vs Spain
- Qatar (QFC) vs France
- Qatar (QFC) vs South Africa
- Qatar (QFC) vs Canada
- Qatar (QFC) vs Australia
- Qatar (QFC) vs Ireland
- Qatar (QFC) vs Turkey
- Qatar (QFC) vs Japan
- Qatar (QFC) vs Cayman Islands
- Qatar (QFC) vs Bahamas
- Qatar (QFC) vs British Virgin Islands
- Qatar (QFC) vs Bermuda
- Bahrain vs Cyprus
- Bahrain vs Jersey
- Bahrain vs Greece
- Bahrain vs Guernsey
- Bahrain vs Italy
- Bahrain vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Bahrain vs Germany
- Bahrain vs Portugal
- Bahrain vs Spain
- Bahrain vs France
- Bahrain vs South Africa
- Bahrain vs Canada
- Bahrain vs Australia
- Bahrain vs Ireland
- Bahrain vs Turkey
- Bahrain vs Japan
- Bahrain vs Cayman Islands
- Bahrain vs Bahamas
- Bahrain vs British Virgin Islands
- Bahrain vs Bermuda
- Cyprus vs Jersey
- Cyprus vs Greece
- Cyprus vs Guernsey
- Cyprus vs Italy
- Cyprus vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Cyprus vs Germany
- Cyprus vs Portugal
- Cyprus vs Spain
- Cyprus vs France
- Cyprus vs South Africa
- Cyprus vs Canada
- Cyprus vs Australia
- Cyprus vs Ireland
- Cyprus vs Turkey
- Cyprus vs Japan
- Cyprus vs Cayman Islands
- Cyprus vs Bahamas
- Cyprus vs British Virgin Islands
- Cyprus vs Bermuda
- Jersey vs Greece
- Jersey vs Guernsey
- Jersey vs Italy
- Jersey vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Jersey vs Germany
- Jersey vs Portugal
- Jersey vs Spain
- Jersey vs France
- Jersey vs South Africa
- Jersey vs Canada
- Jersey vs Australia
- Jersey vs Ireland
- Jersey vs Turkey
- Jersey vs Japan
- Jersey vs Cayman Islands
- Jersey vs Bahamas
- Jersey vs British Virgin Islands
- Jersey vs Bermuda
- Greece vs Guernsey
- Greece vs Italy
- Greece vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Greece vs Germany
- Greece vs Portugal
- Greece vs Spain
- Greece vs France
- Greece vs South Africa
- Greece vs Canada
- Greece vs Australia
- Greece vs Ireland
- Greece vs Turkey
- Greece vs Japan
- Greece vs Cayman Islands
- Greece vs Bahamas
- Greece vs British Virgin Islands
- Greece vs Bermuda
- Guernsey vs Italy
- Guernsey vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Guernsey vs Germany
- Guernsey vs Portugal
- Guernsey vs Spain
- Guernsey vs France
- Guernsey vs South Africa
- Guernsey vs Canada
- Guernsey vs Australia
- Guernsey vs Ireland
- Guernsey vs Turkey
- Guernsey vs Japan
- Guernsey vs Cayman Islands
- Guernsey vs Bahamas
- Guernsey vs British Virgin Islands
- Guernsey vs Bermuda
- Italy vs Malaysia (Forest City)
- Italy vs Germany
- Italy vs Portugal
- Italy vs Spain
- Italy vs France
- Italy vs South Africa
- Italy vs Canada
- Italy vs Australia
- Italy vs Ireland
- Italy vs Turkey
- Italy vs Japan
- Italy vs Cayman Islands
- Italy vs Bahamas
- Italy vs British Virgin Islands
- Italy vs Bermuda
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Germany
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Portugal
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Spain
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs France
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs South Africa
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Canada
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Australia
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Ireland
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Turkey
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Japan
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Cayman Islands
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Bahamas
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs British Virgin Islands
- Malaysia (Forest City) vs Bermuda
- Germany vs Portugal
- Germany vs Spain
- Germany vs France
- Germany vs South Africa
- Germany vs Canada
- Germany vs Australia
- Germany vs Ireland
- Germany vs Turkey
- Germany vs Japan
- Germany vs Cayman Islands
- Germany vs Bahamas
- Germany vs British Virgin Islands
- Germany vs Bermuda
- Portugal vs Spain
- Portugal vs France
- Portugal vs South Africa
- Portugal vs Canada
- Portugal vs Australia
- Portugal vs Ireland
- Portugal vs Turkey
- Portugal vs Japan
- Portugal vs Cayman Islands
- Portugal vs Bahamas
- Portugal vs British Virgin Islands
- Portugal vs Bermuda
- Spain vs France
- Spain vs South Africa
- Spain vs Canada
- Spain vs Australia
- Spain vs Ireland
- Spain vs Turkey
- Spain vs Japan
- Spain vs Cayman Islands
- Spain vs Bahamas
- Spain vs British Virgin Islands
- Spain vs Bermuda
- France vs South Africa
- France vs Canada
- France vs Australia
- France vs Ireland
- France vs Turkey
- France vs Japan
- France vs Cayman Islands
- France vs Bahamas
- France vs British Virgin Islands
- France vs Bermuda
- South Africa vs Canada
- South Africa vs Australia
- South Africa vs Ireland
- South Africa vs Turkey
- South Africa vs Japan
- South Africa vs Cayman Islands
- South Africa vs Bahamas
- South Africa vs British Virgin Islands
- South Africa vs Bermuda
- Canada vs Australia
- Canada vs Ireland
- Canada vs Turkey
- Canada vs Japan
- Canada vs Cayman Islands
- Canada vs Bahamas
- Canada vs British Virgin Islands
- Canada vs Bermuda
- Australia vs Ireland
- Australia vs Turkey
- Australia vs Japan
- Australia vs Cayman Islands
- Australia vs Bahamas
- Australia vs British Virgin Islands
- Australia vs Bermuda
- Ireland vs Turkey
- Ireland vs Japan
- Ireland vs Cayman Islands
- Ireland vs Bahamas
- Ireland vs British Virgin Islands
- Ireland vs Bermuda
- Turkey vs Japan
- Turkey vs Cayman Islands
- Turkey vs Bahamas
- Turkey vs British Virgin Islands
- Turkey vs Bermuda
- Japan vs Cayman Islands
- Japan vs Bahamas
- Japan vs British Virgin Islands
- Japan vs Bermuda
- Cayman Islands vs Bahamas
- Cayman Islands vs British Virgin Islands
- Cayman Islands vs Bermuda
- Bahamas vs British Virgin Islands
- Bahamas vs Bermuda
- British Virgin Islands vs Bermuda
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